There are various pathways that can lead to the onset of substance use and problematic substance use. One pathway that is a crucial focus is addressing root causes as it relates to early childhood experiences. 

When children are exposed to negative experiences, or what is called Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as violence, neglect, abuse and ongoing toxic stress, it disrupts healthy brain development. It is important to support healthy brain development, and this can be done through providing protective factors such as supportive, nurturing relationships. According to the Centre on the Developing Child, Harvard University, “The single most common factor for children who develop resilience is at least one stable and committed relationship with a supportive parent, caregiver, or other adult.” Resilience, which is the ability to successfully adapt to difficult or challenging life experiences, can buffer negative experiences or trauma that might otherwise lead to health issues, unhealthy coping behaviours, problematic substance use, and substance use disorder.

The Alberta Family Wellness Initiative (AFWI) provides information on how experiences early in life change our brains in ways that can make us vulnerable to health problems across the lifespan including substance use disorder.

Other pathways leading to problematic substance use can include:

Problematic substance use and substance use disorder can happen to anyone - it is a health issue, not a weakness or a failure. It is important to decrease stigma associated with mental health and substance use so that people can feel comfortable seeking the help and treatment they need.