Centre for Disease Control - Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever

Typhoid Fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica Typhi. Symptoms range from fever with mild illness to severe disease. Transmission occurs through consuming contaminated food or water and can be spread from person to person. Typhoid fever is not typically acquired in Ontario. It is associated with travel to southern Asia and other developing countries. Proper hand hygiene and food preparation can help to prevent illness, as can immunization prior to travel to endemic areas. (PHO, 2025).

Paratyphoid Fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica Paratyphi. Symptoms are variable and can include fever, headache, loss of appetite and abdominal pain. The disease is transmitted through consuming contaminated food or water and can be spread from person to person. This disease is not typically acquired in Ontario. It is associated with travel to southern Asia and other developing countries. Proper hygiene and food preparation can help to prevent illness. (PHO, 2025).