What to look for when the heat is on

When the temperature begins to soar and the humidity levels rise, the combination can become dangerous, especially for those at high risk. They include the elderly, people with certain chronic illnesses, such as heart conditions, people who exercise vigorously or are involved in strenuous work outdoors for prolonged periods, and people taking certain medications (please consult your doctor or pharmacist).

People suffer from heat-related illnesses when the body's temperature control system is overloaded. The body cools itself by sweating, but under some conditions sweating isn't enough. Severe conditions related to extreme heat include cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Heat cramps

Heat cramps are muscle pains or spasms, usually in the legs, arms or abdomen that can occur with strenuous activity. People who sweat a lot during strenuous activity are prone to heat cramps because the sweating depletes the body's salt and moisture and the low salt level in the muscles causes the cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of heat exhaustion.

If you have heat cramps:

• Stop what you are doing and sit quietly in a cool place
• Drink clear juice or a sports beverage
• Once the cramps subside, do not return to strenuous activity for a few hours..
• Seek medical attention if you have heart problems, are on a low sodium diet or if the heat cramps do not subside in one hour.

Heat exhaustion

Heat exhaustion can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and not enough fluids. Warning signs include heavy sweating, paleness, muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting and fainting.

Cool the body during heat exhaustion by:

• Drinking cool, non-alcoholic drinks
• Resting
• Taking a cool shower, bath or sponge bath
• Visiting an air-conditioned environment
• Wearing lightweight and loose clothing

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It happens when the body can't control its temperature and is unable to cool down. Heat stroke can cause permanent disability or death if emergency treatment is not provided. Signs include an extremely high body temperature above 39.4° C (103° F); red, hot, dry skin; rapid strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness.

If you see these signs:

• Move the person to a shady area
• Cool the person rapidly by immersing in a cool tub or shower, spraying the person with cool water, or sponging the person with cool water
• Continue to cool and monitor body temperature until it drops to 38.3°-38.8° C (101°-102° F)
• Get medical assistance as soon as possible

With proper attention and common sense it is possible to prevent heat-related illness. Stay well hydrated, keep the body cool and be sensible about exertion in hot humid weather.

Protect your children during extreme heat.